What is Evaporation? Evaporation definition can be stated as “It is the process by which a liquid or solids change to gaseous state or vapors state at the free surface through transfer of heat energy”. Evaporation Process When the external thermal energy supplied to surface of water body, the kinetic energy of water molecules will be … Read more
What is Fiber(Fibre)? Fiber is a small piece of reinforcing material which increases structural integrity. What is fiber reinforced concrete? Fiber reinforced concrete is a Portland cement reinforced with more or less randomly distributed fibers. Types of Fibers these are different types of fibers which are used in the concrete 1) Jute fibers 2) Coir fibers 3) Steel fibers 4) Carbon … Read more
Types of Irrigation There are 4 main types of irrigation systems used for agriculture Surface Irrigation Sub-surface Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Drip Irrigation Before you scroll down know What is Irrigation? 1. Surface Irrigation Surface irrigation is the oldest form of irrigation and it has been used for thousands of years. In surface irrigation systems, water moves … Read more
Irrigation canal Define Irrigation Irrigation is defined as the systematic process of artificially supply of water to land for raising of crops. Or Irrigation definition can be stated as “The supply of water to the land or the crops, to help the growth typically by means of channels”. Necessity Of Irrigation a. Less rainfall: When the rainfall … Read more
What is sanitary engineering? A branch of civil engineering concerned primarily with the maintenance of environmental conditions (as pure water supply, waste disposal, insect control, nuisance abatement) conducive to public health. Definitions of some common terms used in the sanitary engineering. Refuse: This is the most general term to indicate the wastes which include … Read more
Various causes of failure of earth dams may be grouped under the following three categories: 1. Hydraulic failures 2. Seepage failures 3. Structural failures Based on the investigations it has been found that about 35% of failures of dams are due to hydraulic failures, about 38% due to seepage failure, 20% under structural failure. Remaining 7% … Read more
Earth Dams Earth dams are non-rigid type of dams constructed by using locally available earth or soil. They are most suitable for the sites where the required foundation at reasonable depth is not available for a masonry / concrete dam. Recently, composite earth and rock-fill type of dams are widely adopted in which quarried rock is used … Read more
Pre-stressed concrete methods The methods of application of pre-compression (pre-stress) to concrete can be broadly classified as below: 1. External Prestressing 2. Internal Prestressing 3. Chemical Prestressing 4. Thermo Electric Prestressing 1. External Prestressing: Image source -Google Images This method involves generation of compressive force between the structural elements and its abutments using flat jacks. A member can be … Read more
The Basic Principle of pre-stressing The principle of prestressed concrete is to stress the member to a state of compression, such that when superimposed loads are applied the resulting tension developed only tries to reduce the compression already created by pre-stressing. As a result, no tension condition or permissible tension condition in the concrete can be … Read more
Check lists are main things to be known by a Civil engineer specially for site engineers where certain materials or work to be verified. Here are some of Brickwork checklist 1. The thickness of joint in brick masonry should not exceed 1 cm. 2. The face joints should be raked to a depth of 15 … Read more